Appendix L  Standard Reduction Potentials

Nicole Bouvier-Brown; Saori Shiraki; J. Ryan Hunt; Emily Jarvis

Appendix L Standard Reduction Potentials

**Table L1** Standard Electrode (Half-Cell) Potentials
Half-Reaction	E° (V)
Ag⁺ + e⁻ → Ag	+0.7996
AgCl + e⁻ → Ag + Cl⁻	+0.22233
Ag(CN)₂⁻ + e⁻ → Ag + 2 CN⁻	−0.31
Ag₂CrO₄ + 2 e⁻ → 2 Ag + CrO₄²⁻	+0.45
Ag(NH₃)₂⁺ + e⁻ → Ag + 2 NH₃	+0.373
Ag(S₂O₃)₂³⁺ + e⁻ → Ag + 2 S₂O₃²⁻	+0.017
AlF₆³⁻ + 3 e⁻ → Al + 6 F⁻	−2.07
Al³⁺ + 3 e⁻ → Al	−1.662
Am³⁺ + 3 e⁻ → Am	−2.048
Au³⁺ + 3 e⁻ → Au	+1.498
Au⁺ + e⁻ → Au	+1.692
Ba²⁺ + 2 e⁻ → Ba	−2.912
Be²⁺ + 2 e⁻ → Be	−1.847
Br₂(aq) + 2 e⁻ → 2 Br⁻	+1.0873
Ca²⁺ + 2 e⁻ → Ca	−2.868
Ce³⁺ + 3 e⁻ → Ce	−2.483
Ce⁴⁺ + e⁻ → Ce³⁺	+1.61
Cd²⁺ + 2 e⁻ → Cd	−0.4030
Cd(CN)₄²⁻ + 2 e⁻ → Cd + 4 CN⁻	−1.09
Cd(NH₃)₄²⁺ + 2 e⁻ → Cd + 4 NH₃	−0.61
CdS + 2 e⁻ → Cd + S²⁻	−1.17
Cl₂ + 2 e⁻ → 2 Cl⁻	+1.35827
ClO₄⁻ + H₂O + 2 e⁻ → ClO₃⁻ + 2 OH⁻	+0.36
ClO₃⁻ + H₂O + 2 e⁻ → ClO₂⁻ + 2 OH⁻	+0.33
ClO₂⁻ + H₂O + 2 e⁻ → ClO⁻ + 2 OH⁻	+0.66
ClO⁻ + H₂O + 2 e⁻ → Cl⁻ + 2 OH⁻	+0.89
ClO₄⁻ + 2 H₃O⁺ + 2 e⁻ → ClO₃⁻ + 3 H₂O	+1.189
ClO₃⁻ + 3 H₃O⁺ + 2 e⁻ → HClO₂ + 4 H₂O	+1.21
HClO + H₃O⁺ + 2 e⁻ → Cl− + 2 H₂O	+1.482
HClO + H₃O⁺ + e⁻ → 12 Cl₂ + 2 H₂O	+1.611
HClO₂ + 2 H₃O⁺ + 2 e⁻ → HClO + 3 H₂O	+1.628
Co³⁺ + e− → Co²⁺ (2 mol // H₂SO₄)	+1.83
Co²⁺ + 2 e⁻ → Co	−0.28
Co(NH₃)₆³⁺ + e⁻ → Co(NH₃)₆²⁺	+0.1
Co(OH)₃ + e⁻ → Co(OH)₂ + OH⁻	+0.17
Cr³⁺ + 3 e⁻ → Cr	−0.744
Cr³⁺ + e⁻ → Cr²⁺	−0.407
Cr²⁺ + 2 e⁻ → Cr	−0.913
Cu(CN)₂⁻ + e⁻ → Cu + 2 CN⁻	−0.43
CrO₄²⁻ + 4 H₂O + 3 e⁻ →Cr(OH)₃ + 5 OH⁻	−0.13
Cr₂O₇²⁻ + 14 H₃O⁺ + 6 e⁻ → 2 Cr³⁺ + 21 H₂O	+1.232
Cr(OH)₄⁻ + 3 e⁻ → Cr + 4 OH⁻	−1.2
Cr(OH)₃ + 3 e⁻ → Cr + 3 OH⁻	−1.48
Cu²⁺ + e⁻ → Cu+	+0.153
Cu²⁺ + 2 e⁻ → Cu	+0.34
Cu⁺ + e⁻ → Cu	+0.521
F₂ + 2 e⁻ → 2 F⁻	+2.866
Fe²⁺ + 2 e⁻ → Fe	−0.447
Fe³⁺ + e⁻ → Fe2+	+0.771
Fe(CN)₆³⁻ + e⁻ → Fe(CN)₆⁴⁻	+0.36
Fe(OH)₂ + 2 e⁻ → Fe + 2 OH⁻	−0.88
FeS + 2 e⁻ → Fe + S²⁻	−1.01
Ga³⁺ + 3 e⁻ → Ga	−0.549
Gd³⁺ + 3 e⁻ → Gd	−2.279
½ H₂ + e⁻ → H⁻	−2.23
2 H₂O + 2 e⁻ → H₂ + 2 OH⁻	−0.8277
H₂O₂ + 2 H₃O⁺ + 2 e⁻ → 4 H₂O	+1.776
2 H₃O⁺ + 2 e⁻ → H₂ + 2 H₂O	0.00
HO₂⁻ + H₂O + 2 e⁻ → 3 OH⁻	+0.878
Hf⁴⁺ + 4 e⁻ → Hf	−1.55
Hg²⁺ + 2 e⁻ → Hg	+0.851
2 Hg²⁺ + 2 e⁻ → Hg₂²⁺	+0.92
Hg₂²⁺ + 2 e⁻ → 2 Hg	+0.7973
HgBr₄²⁻ + 2 e⁻ → Hg + 4 Br⁻	+0.21
Hg₂Cl₂ + 2 e⁻ → 2 Hg + 2 Cl⁻	+0.26808
Hg(CN)₄²⁻ + 2 e⁻ → Hg + 4 CN⁻	−0.37
HgI₄²⁻ + 2 e⁻ → Hg + 4 I⁻	−0.04
HgS + 2 e⁻ → Hg + S²⁺−	−0.70
I₂ + 2 e⁻ → 2 I⁻	+0.5355
In³⁺ + 3 e⁻ → In	−0.3382
K⁺ + e⁻ → K	−2.931
La³⁺ + 3 e⁻ → La	−2.52
Li⁺ + e⁻ → Li	−3.04
Lu³⁺ + 3 e⁻ → Lu	−2.28
Mg²⁺ + 2 e⁻ → Mg	−2.372
Mn²⁺ + 2 e⁻ → Mn	−1.185
MnO₂ + 2 H₂O + 2 e⁻ → Mn(OH)₂ + 2 OH⁻	−0.05
MnO₄⁻ + 2 H₂O + 3 e⁻ → MnO₂ + 4 OH⁻	+0.558
MnO₂ + 4 H⁺ + 2 e⁻ → Mn²⁺ + 2 H₂O	+1.23
MnO₄⁻ + 8 H⁺ + 5 e⁻ → Mn²⁺ + 4 H₂O	+1.507
Na⁺ + e⁻ → Na	−2.71
Nd³⁺ + 3 e⁻ → Nd	−2.323
Ni²⁺ + 2 e⁻ → Ni	−0.257
Ni(NH₃)₆²⁺ + 2 e⁻ → Ni + 6 NH₃	−0.49
NiO₂ + 4 H⁺ + 2 e⁻ → Ni²⁺ + 2 H₂O	+1.593
NiO₂ + 2 H₂O + 2 e⁻ → Ni(OH)₂ + 2 OH⁻	+0.49
NiS + 2 e⁻ → Ni + S2−	+0.76
NO₃⁻ + 4 H⁺ + 3 e⁻ → NO + 2 H₂O	+0.957
NO₃⁻ + 3 H⁺ + 2 e⁻ → HNO₂ + H₂O	+0.92
NO₃⁻ + H₂O + 2 e⁻ → NO₂⁻ + 2 OH⁻	+0.10
Np³⁺ + 3 e⁻ → Np	−1.856
O₂ + 2 H₂O + 4 e⁻ → 4 OH⁻	+0.401
O₂ + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻ → H₂O₂	+0.695
O₂ + 4 H⁺ + 4 e⁻ → 2 H₂O	+1.229
Pb²⁺ + 2 e⁻ → Pb	−0.1262
PbO₂ + SO₄²⁻ + 4 H⁺ + 2 e⁻ → PbSO₄ + 2 H₂O	+1.69
PbS + 2 e⁻ → Pb + S²⁻	−0.95
PbSO₄ + 2 e⁻ → Pb + SO₄²⁻	−0.3505
Pd²⁺ + 2 e⁻ → Pd	+0.987
PdCl₄²⁻ + 2 e⁻ → Pd + 4 Cl⁻	+0.591
Pt²⁺ + 2 e⁻ → Pt	+1.20
PtBr₄²⁻ + 2 e⁻ → Pt + 4 Br⁻	+0.58
PtCl₄²⁻ + 2 e⁻ → Pt + 4 Cl⁻	+0.755
PtCl₆²⁻ + 2 e⁻ → PtCl₄²⁻ + 2 Cl⁻	+0.68
Pu³⁺ + 3 e⁻ → Pu	−2.03
Ra²⁺ + 2 e⁻ → Ra	−2.92
Rb⁺ + e⁻ → Rb	−2.98
RhCl₆³⁻ + 3 e⁻ → Rh + 6 Cl⁻	+0.44
S + 2 e⁻ → S²⁻	−0.47627
S + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻→H₂S	+0.142
Sc³⁺ + 3 e⁻ → Sc	−2.09
Se + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻ →H₂Se	−0.399
SiF₆²⁻ + 4 e⁻ → Si + 6 F⁻	−1.2
SiO₃²⁻ + 3 H₂O + 4 e⁻ → Si + 6 OH⁻	−1.697
SiO₂ + 4 H⁺ + 4 e⁻ → Si + 2 H₂O	−0.86
Sm³⁺ + 3 e⁻ → Sm	−2.304
Sn⁴⁺ + 2 e⁻ → Sn²⁺	+0.151
Sn²⁺ + 2 e⁻ → Sn	−0.1375
SnF₆²⁻ + 4 e⁻ → Sn + 6 F⁻	−0.25
SnS + 2 e⁻ → Sn + S²⁻	−0.94
Sr²⁺ + 2 e⁻ → Sr	−2.89
TeO₂ + 4 ⁺ + 4 e⁻ → Te + 2 H₂O	+0.593
Th⁴⁺ + 4 e⁻ → Th	−1.90
Ti²⁺ + 2 e⁻ → Ti	−1.630
U³⁺ + 3 e⁻ → U	−1.79
V²⁺ + 2 e⁻ → V	−1.19
Y³⁺ + 3 e⁻ → Y	−2.37
Zn²⁺ + 2 e⁻ → Zn	−0.7618
Zn(CN)₄²⁻ + 2 e⁻ → Zn + 4 CN⁻	−1.26
Zn(NH₃)₄²⁺ + 2 e⁻ → Zn + 4 NH₃	−1.04
Zn(OH)₂ + 2 e⁻ → Zn + 2 OH⁻	−1.245
Zn(OH)₄²⁻ + 2 e⁻ → Zn + 4 OH⁻	−1.199
ZnS + 2 e⁻ → Zn + S²⁻	−1.40
Zr⁴⁺ + 4 e⁻ → Zr	−1.539

Appendix L Standard Reduction Potentials

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