Chapter 18 Representative Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals
Chapter 18 Key Terms
compound that reacts with water to form an acid or acidic solution
any of the metals (beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium) occupying group 2 of the periodic table; they are reactive, divalent metals that form basic oxides
two or more forms of the same element, in the same physical state, with different chemical structures
solid material such as a glass that does not have a regular repeating component to its three-dimensional structure; a solid but not a crystal
metal oxide that behaves as a base towards acids
salt of the hydrogen carbonate ion, HCO3−
heaviest member of group 15; a less reactive metal than other representative metals
compound containing boron-oxygen bonds, typically with clusters or chains as a part of the chemical structure
salt of the anion CO32−; often formed by the reaction of carbon dioxide with bases
method of preparing a representative metal using a reducing agent
electrolysis process for the synthesis of chlorine and sodium hydroxide
chemical reaction where a single reactant is simultaneously reduced and oxidized; it is both the reducing agent and the oxidizing agent
electrochemical cell used for the commercial preparation of metallic sodium (and chlorine) from molten sodium chloride
important in the mining of free sulfur from enormous underground deposits
main industrial process used to produce ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen; involves the use of an iron catalyst and elevated temperatures and pressures
compound containing an anion of a group 17 (7A) element in the 1− oxidation state (fluoride, F−; chloride, Cl−; bromide, Br−; and iodide, I−)
electrolysis apparatus used to isolate pure aluminum metal from a solution of alumina in molten cryolite
salt of carbonic acid, H2CO3 (containing the anion HCO3−) in which one hydrogen atom has been replaced; an acid carbonate; also known as bicarbonate ion
binary compound formed between hydrogen and the halogens: HF, HCl, HBr, and HI
addition of hydrogen (H2) to reduce a compound
compound of a metal with the hydroxide ion OH− or the group −OH
compound formed from two or more different halogens
atoms of the metallic elements of groups 1 (1A), 2 (2A), 12 (2B), 13 (3A), 14 (4A), 15 (5A), and 16 (6A), which form ionic compounds by losing electrons from their outer s or p orbitals
element that has properties that are between those of metals and nonmetals; these elements are typically semiconductors
formation of nitrogen compounds from molecular nitrogen
industrial process used to convert ammonia into nitric acid
binary compound of oxygen with another element or group, typically containing O2− ions or the group –O– or =O
allotrope of oxygen; O3
metals with a protective nonreactive film of oxide or other compound that creates a barrier for chemical reactions; physical or chemical removal of the passivating film allows the metals to demonstrate their expected chemical reactivity
molecule containing two oxygen atoms bonded together or as the anion, O22−
process whereby light energy promotes the reaction of water and carbon dioxide to form carbohydrates and oxygen; this allows photosynthetic organisms to store energy
chemical reduction process used to produce magnesium through the thermal reaction of magnesium oxide with silicon
variation in crystalline structure that results in different physical properties for the resulting compound
element where the s and p orbitals are filling
metal among the representative elements
compound containing silicon-oxygen bonds, with silicate tetrahedra connected in rings, sheets, or three-dimensional networks, depending on the other elements involved in the formation of the compounds
oxide containing the anion O2−
