Chapter 3 Key Terms

aqueous solution

solution for which water is the solvent

Avogadro’s number (N_A)

experimentally determined value of the number of entities comprising 1 mole of substance, equal to 6.022 × 10²³ mol⁻¹

concentrated

qualitative term for a solution containing solute at a relatively high concentration

concentration

quantitative measure of the relative amounts of solute and solvent present in a solution

dilute

qualitative term for a solution containing solute at a relatively low concentration

dilution

process of adding solvent to a solution in order to lower the concentration of solutes

dissolved

describes the process by which solute components are dispersed in a solvent

empirical formula mass

sum of average atomic masses for all atoms represented in an empirical formula

formula mass

sum of the average masses for all atoms represented in a chemical formula; for covalent compounds, this is also the molecular mass

molar mass

mass in grams of 1 mole of a substance

molarity (M)

unit of concentration, defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 liter of solution

mole

amount of substance containing the same number of atoms, molecules, ions, or other entities as the number of atoms in exactly 12 grams of ¹²C

percent composition

percentage by mass of the various elements in a compound

solute

solution component present in a concentration less than that of the solvent

solvent

solution component present in a concentration that is higher relative to other components